The rollout of 5G networks has redefined connectivity. 5G networks deliver unprecedented speeds, have ultra-low latency, and create a new wave of IoT innovation. Their impact on connectivity and IoT devices is significant—from transforming smart cities to enabling autonomous vehicles, 5G is shaping the future. Meanwhile, emerging research on 6G technology is underway, promising breakthroughs to set the gold standard for global communication.
The Connectivity Revolution
5G is the fifth generation of wireless technology, offering a speedy, more reliable connection than its predecessors. Other perks of 5G include the massive network capacity and the fact that it takes advantage of cloud technology.
Major companies worldwide utilize 5G connectivity daily to keep their businesses running. Cities use this technology to stay atop traffic management, public safety, etc. Individuals and everyday users benefit from 5G connectivity whenever they use their devices, play, or work from home. With its ability to seamlessly connect billions of devices, 5G drives innovation and reshapes how we live, work, and interact.
The current global status of 5G rollout and adoption demonstrates rapid growth, driving innovations in connectivity and paving the way for 6G research and future advancements.
In a July 2024 article from 5G Americas, the following are a few statistics that stand out:
- Currently, there are 316 commercial 5G networks worldwide, a number that is expected to grow alongside continued significant investments in 5G infrastructure worldwide.
- Global 5G connections are projected to reach 7.7 billion by 2028, with North America forecast to boast an impressive 700 million 5G connections by the same year.
- Forecasts suggest IoT subscriptions will reach 5 billion, while smartphone subscriptions will surge to 8 billion by 2028.
The rapid growth of 5G is a global game changer, paving the way for unprecedented technological advancements and a seamlessly connected future.
The Transformational Impact of 5G
By the end of 2024, 5G connections globally will reach 55 percent or more. 5G is leading the way and positively impacting its users.
5G delivers speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G, making downloads, uploads, and streaming nearly instantaneous. In an article from Cisco, the author shares, “In theory, 5G delivers an average speed of 10 Gbps, which is more than 100 times faster than current 4G technology. Actual average 5G download speeds are currently being measured between 1.4 and 14 times faster than 4G. We can expect increased speeds as carriers advance their 5G network buildout.”
Another advantage of 5G is its lower latency–this equals less waiting and more efficiency than you might get using 4G. The same article states, “5G is capable of ultra-low latency rates that are less than 10 milliseconds, which means 5G latency is lower than 4G latency by a factor of 60 to 120.” For many, any less wait time means more business, more space for other tasks, and more profitability,
Overall, 5G allows uninterrupted 4K video streaming, real-time gaming, and lightning-fast content sharing for average-day consumers. For businesses, it opens doors to seamless communication, faster cloud operations, and improved productivity.
Now, imagine industries like healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and entertainment leveraging these speeds to offer new, data-intensive solutions that were previously unthinkable.
For example, healthcare benefits from 5G in some of the following ways:
- Real-time, seamless telemedicine experiences
- Instantaneous response times during remote or robotic surgeries
- Enhanced remote patient monitoring
- Rapid exchange of medical imaging/quicker diagnoses
In addition, here are a few examples of how manufacturers utilize 5G:
- Real-time communication/smart factory automation
- Enhanced robotics to improve safety and productivity
- Predictive maintenance reduces costs and expands machinery lifespan
- Enables navigation and communication with autonomous vehicles and drones
5G is improving existing industry processes and laying the foundation for 6G and beyond.
The IoT Boom Powered by 5G
We all know that 5G is a game-changer, which has become even more evident with its impact on the Internet of Things (IoT). With its unprecedented speed, ultra-low latency, and ability to support many connected devices, 5G has laid the groundwork for a truly interconnected world of smart devices and sensors.
IBM posted an article in which the author cites compelling data from the IDC:
“In the US alone, almost 120 million 5G devices were expected to ship by the end of 2023—a 9.3 % increase over the previous year. By 2027, the final year covered in the report, 155 million units are expected to ship, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4%.”
This data showcases how 5G technology is becoming increasingly integral to everyday life and influences IoT.
5G IoT For Everyone
With 5G, devices use energy more efficiently within towns, cities, and beyond. IoT sensors can be placed even in remote locations—think smart agriculture or environmental monitoring—and can operate for years without frequent battery replacements.
Smart cities and industries worldwide use 5G-enabled IoT devices and sensors to grow and thrive while ensuring safety and productivity. Examples are factories deploying smart sensors to predict machine failures before they happen and hospitals using connected medical devices to monitor patients remotely.
Real-World Examples
Here’s a closer look at real-world examples of IoT advancements fueled by 5G.
In the same article from IBM, the author describes ways in which 5G-enabled IoT realistically is impacting the world around us.
Smart cities
5G is transforming smart cities, using IoT-connected sensors to improve traffic flow, reduce pollution, and enhance urban living. From smarter energy management and emergency response routing to AI chatbots like Vienna’s WienBot, 5G assists with everyday and complex tasks.
Supply chains
5G is revolutionizing supply chains by enabling faster, more reliable data transmission, which supports digitization, automation, and increased efficiency. It is already used in key logistics hubs with innovations like IoT shelf sensors, cashier-less checkouts, and drone-based security, which enhances operations and customer experiences.
Edge computing and AI
Edge computing, powered by 5G, enables enterprises to process data closer to its source, enhancing speed, control, and efficiency while reducing resource demands. This approach drives advancements in cloud computing and AI with various potential applications.
As 5G continues to reach across the globe, its ability to connect us all and drive innovation will remain at the forefront of worldwide progress.
Looking Ahead: Research and Development in 6G
As 6G networks begin to emerge, they are set to surpass the capabilities of 5G by offering even more seamless, efficient, and intelligent connectivity. With advancements in AI, immersive technologies, and network automation, 6G will transform how we interact with the digital world.
Here are two instances of where 6G is headed soon:
Terahertz and Sub-Terahertz
Terahertz communication is a new and advanced way of sending data using superhigh-frequency electromagnetic waves, which are much faster than the radio waves used in current wireless communication and will be used to benefit customers and industries worldwide.
However, the challenge is that these waves don’t travel as far as lower-frequency radio waves, and things like rain or buildings can easily block them. Scientists are working to make terahertz communication practical and reliable for everyday use.
Tech experts from Ericsson discuss the alternative: using sub-terahertz in 6G.
They say, “Examples, where sub-THz communication could be required, include professional high-resolution holographic communication in factories and hospitals, wireless connectivity of compute units in data centers, or indoor immersive communication.”
Analogies to compare the two:
Terahertz waves are like superfast express trains, going quickly but limited in their travel distance.
Sub-terahertz waves are slightly slower trains that can still go fast but cover a bit more distance before they run into obstacles.
Both are part of the same family of high-frequency communication but operate at different “speeds” and ranges.
AI-Driven Networks
In a piece by MIT, the author states, “The convergence of AI and communication technologies will create 6G networks that make hyperconnectivity and immersive experiences an everyday reality for consumers.”
They also share that though 5G is not yet fully global, tech companies are already preparing for 6G, which promises improved data latency, security, reliability, and real-time data processing. Experts predict 6G will transform leisure and work with new use cases like mixed reality, holographic communication, interactive 3D virtual humans, collaborative robots, and automated driving.
Experts in the field predict that 6G connectivity will roll out in 2030!
They even go as far as to say that 6G is expected to provide super communication and universal information, blending computing services to create an interconnected physical and digital world. It will enable immersive, sensory digital experiences on a large scale, allowing 6G applications to “sense” their surroundings, effectively making the network our “sixth sense.”
3D Holographic Communication and Space-Based Connectivity
Holographic communication and space-based connectivity are two futuristic, 6G experiences to look for.
Recently, there has been an exciting scientific breakthrough. Scientists built a 6G antenna to transmit exceptionally high speeds, allowing for 3D holograms. This 6G technology is up to 1000 times faster than 5G! Holographic communication can benefit businesses and industries by enhancing interactions and collaboration, enabling immersive experiences, and bridging gaps between people in distant locations.
Space-based connectivity won’t allow us to speak to aliens, but it will help improve global connectivity and play a pivotal role in wireless connection.
In a post by the European Space Agency, the author shares, “5G and 6G are the next two generations of cellular connectivity and the next big leap forward for terrestrial and satellite telecommunications. They will allow us to be connected to everything, everywhere, at any time, and nearly any speed.”
6G space-based connectivity features include extensive coverage using low-Earth orbit satellites, geostationary satellites, and drones. The technology incorporates quantum encryption to ensure highly secure data transmission. Additionally, it emphasizes energy-efficient systems to minimize environmental impact.
Preparing for the Future
The journey from 5G to 6G marks a transformative era in global connectivity. 5G has already revolutionized industries and daily life with unparalleled speed, low latency, and massive network capacity, setting the stage for innovation across healthcare, manufacturing, smart cities, and beyond.
Looking ahead, 6G promises even greater breakthroughs, including terahertz communication, AI-driven networks, and immersive technologies like holographic communication, blending the physical and digital worlds like never before. As research and development continue, the future of connectivity shines bright, with 6G poised to redefine how we interact, create, and connect globally.
We can all adapt to stay ahead in the connectivity landscape by staying up-to-date on the latest 5G and 6G research and innovations. Understanding how these technologies work will unlock potential in individuals and businesses and keep us moving forward to a more connected world.